Elastic-fluid turbine



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Nov. 20, 1928.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY MQOQW /rarl Baum an 3 Sheets-Sheet 3' INVENTOR BY @l ATTORNEY '/far/ aamam //4MII|.

K. BAUMANN V ELAsTIC FLUID TURBINE original Filed sept. s, 1924 7// m L. C

Nov. 20, 1928.

Nov. 20, 1928. 1,692,538

l K. BAUMANN ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE original Filed sept. e, 1924 sheets-sheet` 5 INVENTOR ATTORN EY Patented Nov. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES lfinkrslar OFFICE- l KARL IBAUMANN, OF URMSTON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO WESTNGHOUSE ELECTRIC &

MANUFACTURING COMPANY, CORPORATION F PENNSYLVANIA. i

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Appneeuen mea september s, 1924, serial No. 736,639, and in Great Britain september 12, 1993. Renewed August This invention relates to that type of elastic fluid turbine wherein diaphragms carrying stationary blades or nozzles are housed in a stator of substantially regular shape formed separately from the turbine casing and arranged within the latter so that motive fluid can gain access -to thek exterior aswell as to ythe interior thereof, the arrangement being such that motive fluid can surround the in# Vternal stator and maintain it at substantially the same temperature as the diaphragms so that any expansion or contraction of the latter due to temperature variations will be compensated by equivalent expansion or contraction of theinternal stator.`

According to the invention the Vdiaphragm carrying stator is supported at one end, preferably the high pressure or inlet end,by a diaphragm or spider which is secured at or near its inner periphery to some part of the, turbine which is substantially unaffected by irregular expansionv or contraction of the turbine casing, as for instance Vthe gland or bea-ring housing, vand is housed at its outer periphery in a groove or grooves in the external cylinder or in some part kor parts connected therewith, suiicient radial l clearance being provided to permit of differences of expansion and contraction between the" diaphragm or spider and the turbine.` casing. .The other end of the'diaphragm carrying stator may be supported by` afspider which also may be connected with some part of the turbine which is substantially unadected by irregular expansion or contraction of theturbine casing, as for instance the gland or bearing housing at that end ofthe turbine. Orifices are provided near the inlet end` of the diaphragm carrying stator. so that motive fluid is admitted to the exterior of the stator and a tight joint is made between the external cylinder and a suitable part of the stator either by means of a flange on one orl other of said parts which is received in al corresponding groove in the other part, provision being made for radial expansion of the stator, or piston rings engaging with suitable flanges may be located between the casing and dia# phragm carrying stator for this purpose.

VThe connection between .the end of `the stator and the aforesaid diaphragmor spider may be made in avariety of ways. 4Forexample, the diaphragm or spider ,may be formed with an annular groove on the face thereof, the end of the stator being received insaid annular groove and secured by suitable bolts or a flange may be provided on the facek of the` diaphragm or spider forming a rebate to receive the end of the stator, saidJ flange may have an undercut groove or recess to receive a corresponding flange on the outer cylindrical periphery of the diaphragm carrying stator.

.The steam inlet chamber between the end of the stator and the lend ofthe turbine cas- Y ing may be subdivided into compartments for nozzle cutout governing, each compartment being separated by ribs projecting inwardly from the end of the turbine casing. YWhen" vthe stator is supported by a diaphragm a tight joint 'between the diaphragm and the edges of the ribs is secured by means of bolts passing through said diaphragm into the inside of the turbine end casing parallel with fthe turbine axis. These bolts are sufficiently longand flexible to permit expansion of the diaphragmin a radial direction.

Rotational movement of the internal stator may be prevented in a number of ways, For

e example lugs maybe caston the turbine cas-Y ing which are adapted to engage or be connected with the longitudinal ,flanges uniting the several vparts of which the stator is formed. y e Y Y By way of example reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings wherein Figs-1 to l are longitudinal sections `through the top halves Aof steam turbines embodying different constructional forms of the `invenition and Fig. 5 is a section on the plane 4VV of Figs. 1 to 3. `In each figure certain partsv whichl should appear'behind the plane 'of the by longitudinal flanges 5 which for convenience are indicated in broken lines atthe Y top of the stator. 3; their actual position is .determined by practical considerations, a convenient position beingk at orf near the horizontal joint between the top andbottom s e halves of the casing 1 Where they may be secured between lugs which prevent rotation of the Vstator 3` relative to thecasing l1.

In each of the forms illustrated'by "Figs 5 1 to 3 the Iirst diaphragm or nozzle plate 13 at the high pressure end of the turbinewis se- A cured at or near its inner periphery to the gland or bearing housing 6 by studs or set screws 7 and is received at its outer periphery 10 in a groove 8 turned in the interior of the casingl,sullicient radial clearance being pro'- vided to compensate differences of radizilleie` pansion andcontraction of these parts.` The steamy inlet chamber 9 between the diaphragm or `nozzle plate 4 and the end'of the casing-1 issubclivided, as illust-rated in Fig. 5, Ainto compartments 10, 11, 12 and 13 for nozzle cut out governing by ribs 14, 15, 16 and` 17 pro- `ijecin g inivardlyfrom the end of theturbine 20 casing. A steam tight `joint' bet-Weenthe edges of these ribs and the :diaphragm 4 Ais secured by means of bolts 18 which )ass through said diaphragminto the endo the turbine casing and are sufliciently long to permit of radial expansion and contraction of the dia hragm eta. The stator 3 is connected, at its high pressure end, Witlr the diaphragm or nozzle plate 4a ashereinafter described and, at its low pressure end, with a spider`19 A which is recessed into the gland orE bearing l housing 6` at that end of the turbine, sufficient clearance being provided at 2() to compensate differences of axial expansion and contraction Y between the'casingfl and statorl3. Holes 21 y are foi-merlin the stator 3` for'theadmission stator. 3 engages a groove`26 turnedin the casing 1. 'This flange serves both to transmit to H the Vcasing 1 any end thrust set up inthe stator' 3 and to prevent leakage of steambetween `these parts, sufficient clearance being provided between. the same and the-base off the groove 26 to permit ofdiiferences ofexpansion and contraction between the stator and casing 1. The construction illustratedby Fig. '3 Adif- "fers from that illustrated by "F ig. 1 or Fig.2 inthat an annular spigot 27 on the rim 22 engages an annular groove 28infthe `rim `23 'and the co-operatinglange and'groove '25 -and26z respectively are replaced by; a piston ring 29 housed Within a `groove *30' in the starter-3 engaging a smooth.cylindrical `face 31 Y 55 r turned inthe=casing 1,1a-series ot holes 32being provided in one wall of the groove 30 to admit steam to the inside of the ring 29. In this constnuctionany end thrust set up in the stator`3 is transmitted to the casing 1 through the diaphragm Il, the stator being free to expand or contract throughout the 44whole -of its length. p

In the construction illustrated b Fig. 4 the stream inlet chamber 9 is not su divided for nozzle cutout governing and the parts ineidental to this arrangement are omitted.

The stator 3 is fitted with sullicient axial clearances `at 33 and 34 to permit of differences oflaxial expanswn and contraction between the stator 3 and casing 1 into theffirst diaphragm VVanda spider 19. Thesellatter part-sare provided with spigotted hub portions35 andfrespectively which fit Within correspondingly shaped portions of the'gland or'bearingihousings at opposite ends of the I turbineand the outer, peripheries thereof are cess 42 turned inthe statorlfand' Serves both -`toprevent leakage ofsteam between the stator Sand casing 1 and to transmit to the latter anjylendY thrust set up in the former, Sullicient radial clearance being provided to coml pensate differences of radial expansion `and contraction between these parts. 'As with 1this1arrangen'ient-steam can again free access from theinl'et chamber'9 to the exterior` of the stator3, itis unnecessary `to .provide `holes =inthe'latter1for this purpose.

While I have shownmy invention in-several forms, it'Will beobviousto those skilled in theart` that it is'notso li1nited,.butissus ceptible of various other changes and modifif cations, without departin from the spirit s thereof; and I desire; there ore, that'on'ly such limitations l shall placed thereupon: Aas v are imposed? bly! the prioriart or asare .specificallyset fort in the appended claims.

What I claim-.is z- `1. In-alturbine; thecombination of La casing, `a .diaphragm carryingstator disposed 4Within .the easing and )means `supporting Aat statorifroinapart ofthe casing substantially lunaectedby irregularl expansion `and Jeonftraction ofisaid casing.

2.1m atnrbine, theeornbination ofra caswithin Athe `leasing, a member forfsupporting ratfleastone `end of the stator froma part of the easing substantially nnaected by irregular-expansion andicontraction of said vcas- Y i-Ilgyand"meanslixedlysecuring said supportleastone'wend ofthe diaphragm carrying ingyandiaphragm carrying stator `disliosed l receiving the flange.

shaft for fixedly securing the supporting member to the casing, a flange provided on the outer periphery ofthe supportingmember, and a groove provided in the casing y5. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor having a shaft and disposed within the casing, a diaphragm carrying stator surrounding the shaft and the rotor, a circular member for supporting one end of the statormeans adjacent the shaft for fixedly securing lthe supporting member to the casing, other means remote from the shaft for flexibly securing Athe supporting member to said casing, and a complementary flange hand groove connection bet-Ween the outer periph-k. ery of the supporting member and the casing, said connection permitting relative radial movement therebetween upon Vunequal expansion or contraction of the supporting member and thel casing. j

6. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a diaphragm carrying stator disposed within the casing, a rotor having a shaft and surrounded by the stator, a circular member at the high pressure end of the casing for supporting said end of the stator and forming with the casing a fluidv admission chamber, means adjacent the turbine shaft for joining said supporting member to said .casing, flexible means ieinote from the shaft connecting said supporting member to said casing, a complementary, groove and flange connection between the outer periphery of the supporting member and the casing so arranged as to permit relative radial movement therebetween, means near the high pressure end of the stator permitting motive fluid to pass between said stator and said casing, and means remote from the high pressure end forming a fluid-tight connection between said y stator and said casing. g j

7 In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a diaphragm carrying stator disposed within the casing, a rotor having a shaftand surrounded by the stator, a circular member at the high pressure end of the casing Vfor supporting the stator and forming with'the casing a fluid admission chamber, means adjacent the turbine shaft for'fixedly joining said supporting member to said casing, flex-V ible means'remote from the shaft connecting said supporting member lto said casing, a complementary groove and flange connection for between the outer periphery of the supporting member and the casing so arranged as to permit relative radial movement` therebetween, means near the high pressure end of the stator permittingv motive duid to pass bei,

tween saidstator and said casing and afluidtight complementary flange and groove `connection arrangedbetweenthe stator and the casing remote from the high pressure end of the turbine, said connection permitting relative radial movement between said stator and said'casing. j Q ,v

S. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a diaphragm Vcarrying stator disposed within the casing, a rotorhaving a shaft and disposed within the stator, a member arrangedat each end of the stator for supporting said stator, means adjacentcthe shaft at the high pressure 'end of the turbine for lixedly securing said supporting member to the casing, and a sliding connection between the casingand the supporting member at the 10W pressure end of the turbine. 7 9. In a turbine having a casing, with a shaft and a diaphragm carrying stator surrounding the roter,the-combination of a transverse member arranged ateach end of the statorand surrounding the shaft for supporting the stator, means iiXedly securing the supporting member at the high pressure end of the turbine tothe casing near the shaft, a sliding connection :between the casing and the supporting member at theflow pressure end vof the turbine, and a` compleing theiiow of Vmotive fiuidover said stator to the low pressure end of theturbine.

10. In afmulti-stage turbine, thel combinal tion` of a casing, a rotor having a plurality of discs mounted thereon, a plurality of diaphragms interleaving with the discs, a stator disposedvwithin the casing for supporting the diaphragm, atransverse wall forming with the casingfa motive fluid chamber at the high pressure end of the turbine and supporting the high pressure end of the stator, means adjacent the rotor shaft-for fixedly joining said transverse wall to the casing, means remote from the shaft for fiexibly connecting said `wall to saidcasing, a complementary flange and groove connection.permitting relative radial movement between` the wallfand the casing around the outer periphery1 of the wall, a transverse member for supporting the stator at the low pressure end of tliecasing, andl a 'sliding connection between said supporting member and the casing adjacent 'the rotor shaft.

11. In a multi-stage turbine having a ycasingand a diaphragm carrying statorrdisposed withinV the casing, the rcombination of a liange provided on they statorvintermediate thek endsfthereof, a groove provided inl llifl lill the casing for receiving the ilange and tixing the stator against longitudinal displace ment in the casing, said groove permitting a radial expansion ofthe stator, and a trans verse supporting member co-acting with the casing at each end of the stator for support ing said stator, said supporting member permitting freedom of longitudinal movement of the stator upon expansion or contraction thereof. away from its intermediate fixed point.

12. In a multi-stage turbine, the combination of a rotor with a. plurality of discs and having a shaft, a plurality of diaphragms interleaving with the discs and a stator in Vwhich the diaphragms are mounted, a casing surrounding the rotor and the stator, a trans- Y verse Wall surrounding the shaft and secured porting the low pressure end of the stator and tixedly secured to said stator, a longitudinal sliding connection between the transverse supporting member and the casing, and means intermediate the ends of the stator (co-acting between the casing and the stator for securing said stator against longitudinal displacement inthe casing.

A113. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor having a shaft and disposed within. the casing, a diaphragm carrying stator surrounding the rotor, a member for supporting the high pressure end of the stator and' forming with the casing a motive duid chamber, and a plurality of ribs extending inwardly from the casing and co-acting with the supporting member for dividing the fluid chamber into a plurality of nozzle chambers.

14. In a turbine, the combination of a casing,fa rotor having a shaft and disposed Within the casing, a diaphragm carrying stator surrounding the rotor, a member forsuppo-rting the high pressure end of the stator and forming with the casing a motive fluid chamber, a plurality of radially extendingV dividing ribs formed on the casing and extending inwardly toward the supporting member Vfor dividing said motive luidchamber intoa plu rality of nozzle chambers.

15. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a diaphragm carrying stator disposed within the casing, a rotor having a shaft and disposed Within the stator, a member arranged at each end of the stator for supporting said stator, a sliding connection between the casing and the supporting member at the low pressure end of the turbine, means lixedly securing'th'e supporting member at the high pressure-'end to the turbine casing, a

sliding connection between the stator-.and the supporting member at the high pressure end of the turbine, and means coi-acting between the stator and the casing at an intermediate point `of the stator foriixing said stator against longitudinal displacement in the casing.. v i f 16. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a diaphragm carrying statordisposed within the casing, a rotor having a sli-att and disposed within the stator, a `member. arranged at each end of the stator for support-V ing said stator andy means supporting the supporting members from the casing. 1

17. Ina turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor having a shaft and disposed Withinthe casing, a blade carrying stator surrounding the shaft, a circular member sup orting the stator, means adjacent the sha t for iixedly securing the supporting member to the casing, a langeprovidedon the outer periphery of the supporting member, and a groove provided in the easing for receiving the flange.

18. In a turbine, .the combination ofa casing, a Vrotor having a shaft and disposed Within` the casing, a blade earring stator surrounding the rotor, a member or support? ing the high pressure end of the stator and forming with the casing a motivefluid cham` ber, anda plurality of ribs extending inwardly from the casing and co-acting with the supporting member fordividing the fluid chamber into a plurality oi nozzle chambers.

19. In a turbine, `the combination of a cas ing, a blade carrying stator disposed Wit-hin the casing, a rotor having a shait and disposed Within the stator, a member arranged at each end of the stator for supporting said stator and means supporting the supporting members from the casing adjacent the shaft.

20. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of an outer casing, a rotor having a shaft and disposed within the casing, a blade.- carryingstator disposed Within the casing and surrounding the shaft, means provided near each end of the stator for maintaining the same Vco-axial with the casing, and means preventing relative axial movement between the stator and the casing in one plane normal to the axis of the turbine, the parts ot' said stator outside of said plane being free to move axially relative to the casing to permit of longitudinalexpansion and contraction of the statorfindependently of the casi-ng. y

21. In an elastic Huid turbine, the combination of au outer casing, a rotor having a shaft and disposed Within the casing, a, blade carrying stator having'a Vhigh pressure `end and a low pressure end and disposed Within thecasing and surrounding the shaft, means maintaining the high pressure end ofthe stator (3o-axial with the casini: but permitting.

relative radial movement therebetweenv to permit said end of the stator toexpamd and Contract. independently of the casing, means of axial movement relative to the casing, maintaining the 10W pressure end of the whereby the stator may expand and contract stator co-axial with the casing, and means axially independently of the easing. preventing relative axial movement between In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subthe stator and the easing in one plane normal scribed my name. this 8th day of August, 1924. to the axis of the turbine, the parts of said l n stator spaced from said plane being capable i KARLKBAUMANN. 

